Labor has announced it will fund some of its election promises by raising visa fees for international students.
The move will mean the fee will rise from $1,600 to $2,000 if Labor is re-elected.
The Coalition has also said it would raise the student visa application charge to $5,000 for Group of Eight universities and $2,500 for all other international students.
As part of the Australian government's reforms to improve the integrity of international education, international students have already encountered restricted work hours. Now they will be further restricted from enrolling in two courses simultaneously during the initial six months of their stay and face increased attendance monitoring.